現(xiàn)代汽車為了舒適和換擋方便，大多都采用了自動(dòng)換擋，自動(dòng)換擋主要靠自動(dòng)變速器來進(jìn)行換擋。自動(dòng)變速器主要分為液力自動(dòng)變速器、機(jī)械式無級(jí)變速器、雙離合自動(dòng)變速器三大種類。

　　For the sake of comfort and convenient shifting, most modern cars adopt automatic shifting, which mainly relies on automatic transmissions for shifting. Automatic transmissions are mainly divided into three types: hydraulic automatic transmissions, mechanical continuously variable transmissions, and dual clutch automatic transmissions.

　　自動(dòng)變速器的組成有哪些？

　　What are the components of an automatic transmission?

　　液力自動(dòng)變速器：由液壓操縱系統(tǒng)、行星齒輪和液力變矩器組成。

　　Hydraulic automatic transmission: composed of hydraulic control system, planetary gears, and hydraulic torque converter.

　　機(jī)械式無極變速器：由金屬傳動(dòng)帶和主、從動(dòng)工作輪組成。金屬傳動(dòng)帶由多個(gè)金屬片和金屬環(huán)組成，每個(gè)金屬片在兩側(cè)的主、從動(dòng)工作輪的擠壓力作用下傳遞動(dòng)力。

　　Mechanical continuously variable transmission: composed of a metal drive belt and primary and secondary working wheels. A metal drive belt is composed of multiple metal plates and metal rings, with each metal plate transmitting power under the squeezing force of the main and driven working wheels on both sides.

　　雙離合自動(dòng)變速器：由兩個(gè)離合器、輸入軸、換擋同步器、齒輪組、自動(dòng)換擋控制系統(tǒng)組成。

　　Dual clutch automatic transmission: composed of two clutches, input shaft, shift synchronizer, gear set, and automatic shift control system.

　　自動(dòng)變速器的工作原理

　　Working principle of automatic transmission

　　液力自動(dòng)變速器：發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)產(chǎn)生的轉(zhuǎn)矩帶動(dòng)泵輪旋轉(zhuǎn)，泵輪葉片旋轉(zhuǎn)把液流帶動(dòng)沖向渦輪，從而使得驅(qū)動(dòng)渦輪轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)。

　　Hydraulic automatic transmission: The torque generated by the engine drives the pump wheel to rotate, and the rotation of the pump wheel blades drives the fluid flow towards the turbine, thereby driving the turbine to rotate.

　　機(jī)械式無極變速器：發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)產(chǎn)生的扭矩從變矩器被傳到變速器，鋼帶將主動(dòng)滑輪組的力傳到從動(dòng)滑輪組件，然后扭矩通過帶多片離合器的單行星齒輪系統(tǒng)被傳送到內(nèi)部軸，最后扭矩通過齒輪中間軸傳送到差速器，差速器再將驅(qū)動(dòng)力分配給車軸。

　　Mechanical continuously variable transmission: The torque generated by the engine is transmitted from the torque converter to the transmission, and the steel belt transfers the force of the driving pulley group to the driven pulley assembly. Then, the torque is transmitted to the internal shaft through a single planetary gear system with a multi plate clutch, and finally transmitted to the differential through the gear intermediate shaft. The differential then distributes the driving force to the axles.

　　雙離合自動(dòng)變速器：兩個(gè)離合器與輸入軸相連接，換擋和離合操作時(shí)通過集成電子和液壓元件的電子模塊來實(shí)現(xiàn)。

　　Dual clutch automatic transmission: Two clutches are connected to the input shaft, and shifting and clutch operation are achieved through an electronic module that integrates electronic and hydraulic components.

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