濟南自動變速箱維修涉及精密部件的拆解、檢測與裝配，需使用專用工具確保操作精準，避免部件損壞，以下是各類常用工具及用途說明。

　　Jinan automatic transmission maintenance involves the disassembly, inspection, and assembly of precision components, requiring the use of specialized tools to ensure precise operation and avoid component damage. The following are various commonly used tools and their usage instructions.

　　拆解環(huán)節(jié)需配備專業(yè)拆卸工具。變速箱殼體螺栓多為內(nèi)六角或梅花形，需用成套套筒扳手（含加長桿、萬向節(jié)）拆卸，不同規(guī)格的套筒可適配不同尺寸的螺栓，避免擰滑螺栓頭部。拉拔器是拆卸軸承、齒輪等過盈配合部件的關(guān)鍵工具，分為兩爪、三爪等類型，使用時通過絲杠緩慢施力，將部件平穩(wěn)拉出，防止暴力拆卸導(dǎo)致的變形?？ōh(huán)鉗（內(nèi)直、外直、內(nèi)彎、外彎）用于取下或安裝卡環(huán)，針對不同位置的卡環(huán)選擇對應(yīng)類型，確?？ōh(huán)受力均勻，避免斷裂。此外，一字和十字螺絲刀需選擇頭部硬度高的型號，用于撬開密封件、卡扣等，刀尖需打磨光滑，防止劃傷殼體表面。

　　Professional dismantling tools are required for the dismantling process. The bolts of the gearbox housing are mostly hexagonal or plum blossom shaped, and need to be disassembled with a complete set of socket wrenches (including extension rods and universal joints). Different specifications of sockets can be adapted to different sizes of bolts to avoid slipping the bolt heads. Puller is a key tool for disassembling interference fit components such as bearings and gears. It is divided into two jaw, three jaw, and other types. When in use, it slowly applies force through a screw to smoothly pull out the components, preventing deformation caused by violent disassembly. Collar pliers (inner straight, outer straight, inner bent, outer bent) are used to remove or install clasps, and corresponding types are selected for different positions of clasps to ensure uniform force distribution and avoid breakage. In addition, one letter and cross shaped screwdrivers should choose models with high head hardness for prying open seals, buckles, etc. The blade tip should be polished smooth to prevent scratching the surface of the housing.

　　檢測工具是判斷故障的核心。油壓表可連接變速箱油路，測量不同工況下的油壓數(shù)值，根據(jù)標準值判斷油泵、閥體等部件是否正常，表體需具備良好的密封性，避免液壓油泄漏影響讀數(shù)。百分表及表座用于檢測齒輪、軸的圓跳動和平面度，將表座固定在平整表面，測頭接觸被測部件并緩慢轉(zhuǎn)動，通過指針擺動幅度判斷部件磨損或變形程度。萬用表用于檢測變速箱內(nèi)部傳感器、電磁閥的電阻值，判斷電氣元件是否短路、斷路，探針需細小尖銳，便于接觸狹小空間的接線端子。對于電子控制的自動變速箱，還需專用診斷儀連接車載 OBD 接口，讀取故障碼、數(shù)據(jù)流，分析換擋邏輯、油壓控制等參數(shù)，為故障判斷提供數(shù)據(jù)支持。

　　The detection tool is the core of diagnosing faults. The oil pressure gauge can be connected to the transmission oil circuit to measure the oil pressure values under different working conditions. Based on the standard values, it can determine whether the oil pump, valve body and other components are normal. The gauge body should have good sealing to avoid hydraulic oil leakage affecting the reading. The dial gauge and gauge holder are used to detect the circular runout and flatness of gears and shafts. The gauge holder is fixed on a flat surface, and the measuring head contacts the measured component and slowly rotates. The degree of wear or deformation of the component is determined by the amplitude of the pointer swing. A multimeter is used to detect the resistance values of sensors and solenoid valves inside the gearbox, and to determine whether electrical components are short circuited or open circuited. The probe should be small and sharp, making it easy to contact the wiring terminals in narrow spaces. For electronically controlled automatic transmissions, a dedicated diagnostic instrument is also required to connect to the on-board OBD interface, read fault codes and data streams, analyze shifting logic, oil pressure control and other parameters, and provide data support for fault diagnosis.

　　清洗與修復(fù)工具用于處理部件污漬和輕微損傷。超聲波清洗機可對閥體、閥芯、濾網(wǎng)等精密部件進行深度清潔，通過高頻振動去除油道內(nèi)的膠質(zhì)、金屬碎屑，清洗液需選用變速箱專用清洗劑，避免腐蝕部件。噴砂槍用于清理殼體表面的油污、銹跡，選用細粒度的砂料，防止損傷殼體表面精度。研磨膏配合研磨平板可修復(fù)閥體閥芯的輕微磨損，通過手工研磨使配合面恢復(fù)密封性，研磨時需保持均勻壓力，確保表面平整度達標。此外，氣槍用于吹干清洗后的部件，壓縮空氣需經(jīng)過過濾，避免帶入水分或雜質(zhì)。

　　Cleaning and repair tools are used to treat component stains and minor damages. Ultrasonic cleaning machine can deeply clean precision components such as valve body, valve core, and filter screen. It removes gum and metal debris in the oil passage through high-frequency vibration. The cleaning fluid should be selected from gearbox specific cleaning agents to avoid corrosion of components. Sandblasting gun is used to clean oil stains and rust on the surface of the shell, using fine-grained sand to prevent damage to the accuracy of the shell surface. Grinding paste combined with grinding plate can repair slight wear of valve body and valve core. The sealing of the mating surface can be restored by manual grinding, and uniform pressure should be maintained during grinding to ensure that the surface flatness meets the standard. In addition, air guns are used to blow dry and clean components, and compressed air needs to be filtered to avoid introducing moisture or impurities.

　　裝配工具確保部件安裝精準。扭力扳手用于緊固螺栓時控制扭矩，不同部位的螺栓有明確的扭矩標準（如殼體螺栓、端蓋螺栓），需根據(jù)要求設(shè)定扭矩值，防止過松導(dǎo)致漏油或過緊引發(fā)螺紋斷裂。導(dǎo)向軸套可輔助安裝軸承、密封圈等部件，避免安裝過程中劃傷密封面，軸套材質(zhì)需柔軟光滑，通常為銅或尼龍材質(zhì)。壓床用于壓裝軸承、齒輪等部件，通過均勻施壓確保過盈配合到位，壓裝時需使用對應(yīng)尺寸的壓頭，保證受力點正確。密封膠槍用于涂抹變速箱殼體密封膠，膠嘴需剪成合適角度，確保膠線均勻連續(xù)，寬度符合密封要求，避免膠量過多堵塞油道或過少導(dǎo)致密封不良。

　　Assembly tools ensure precise installation of components. The torque wrench is used to control the torque when tightening bolts. Different parts of the bolts have clear torque standards (such as shell bolts and end cap bolts), and the torque values need to be set according to the requirements to prevent oil leakage or thread breakage caused by over loosening or over tightening. The guide shaft sleeve can assist in the installation of bearings, sealing rings, and other components to avoid scratching the sealing surface during installation. The shaft sleeve material should be soft and smooth, usually made of copper or nylon. The press is used for pressing bearings, gears, and other components to ensure a proper fit through uniform pressure. When pressing, a corresponding sized press head is required to ensure the correct force point. The sealant gun is used to apply sealant to the gearbox housing. The nozzle needs to be cut at a suitable angle to ensure that the glue line is uniform and continuous, and the width meets the sealing requirements, avoiding excessive or insufficient glue blocking the oil passage and causing poor sealing.

　　輔助工具雖不直接參與維修，但不可或缺。工作臺需平整穩(wěn)固，表面鋪設(shè)橡膠墊防止部件磕碰，臺面上可安裝工具架，分類擺放常用工具便于取用。變速箱支架用于支撐拆解后的變速箱殼體，可調(diào)節(jié)高度和角度，方便從不同方向操作內(nèi)部部件。漏斗和油桶用于加注和回收變速箱油，漏斗需帶濾網(wǎng)過濾雜質(zhì)，油桶需密封良好，防止廢油污染環(huán)境。此外，手套需選用耐油、防滑的丁腈材質(zhì)，保護手部免受油污侵蝕，同時避免手汗污染精密部件。

　　Although auxiliary tools do not directly participate in maintenance, they are indispensable. The workbench needs to be flat and stable, with rubber pads laid on the surface to prevent parts from being bumped. A tool rack can be installed on the tabletop, and commonly used tools can be classified and placed for easy access. The gearbox bracket is used to support the disassembled gearbox housing, with adjustable height and angle, making it easy to operate internal components from different directions. Funnel and oil drum are used for filling and recovering gearbox oil. The funnel should be equipped with a filter screen to filter impurities, and the oil drum should be well sealed to prevent waste oil from polluting the environment. In addition, gloves should be made of oil resistant and non slip nitrile material to protect hands from oil contamination and prevent sweat from contaminating precision components.

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