自動變速箱的誕生，極大簡化了駕駛操作，提升了駕乘體驗。隨著技術(shù)進步，自動變速箱類型日益多樣，下面就來認識常見的幾種。

The birth of automatic transmissions greatly simplifies driving operations and enhances the driving experience. With the advancement of technology, the types of automatic transmissions are becoming increasingly diverse. Below are some common ones.

液力自動變速箱（AT）

Hydraulic Automatic Transmission (AT)

工作原理與結(jié)構(gòu)

Working principle and structure

AT 歷史悠久、應(yīng)用廣泛。它由液力變矩器、行星齒輪機構(gòu)和液壓控制系統(tǒng)構(gòu)成。液力變矩器靠液體動能傳遞動力，緩沖換擋沖擊；行星齒輪機構(gòu)通過齒輪組合實現(xiàn)擋位變換；液壓控制系統(tǒng)依據(jù)車速、油門信號自動換擋。

AT has a long history and wide applications. It consists of a hydraulic torque converter, a planetary gear mechanism, and a hydraulic control system. The hydraulic torque converter relies on liquid kinetic energy to transmit power and buffer shifting impact; The planetary gear mechanism achieves gear shift through gear combination; The hydraulic control system automatically shifts gears based on vehicle speed and throttle signals.

特點與應(yīng)用

characteristics and application

AT 換擋平順、可靠性強，能承受大扭矩，多應(yīng)用于中高端車型與大型 SUV，如寶馬、奔馳部分車型采用 8 速或 9 速 AT。但它結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜、成本高，傳動效率低，燃油經(jīng)濟性欠佳。

AT has smooth shifting, strong reliability, and can withstand high torque. It is widely used in mid to high end models and large SUVs, such as some BMW and Mercedes Benz models that use 8-speed or 9-speed ATs. But it has a complex structure, high cost, low transmission efficiency, and poor fuel economy.

雙離合變速箱（DSG）

Dual clutch transmission (DSG)

工作原理與結(jié)構(gòu)

Working principle and structure

DSG 基于手動變速箱研發(fā)，有兩組離合器，分別控制奇數(shù)擋和偶數(shù)擋，換擋時兩組離合器快速切換。DSG 分干式和濕式，前者靠空氣散熱，結(jié)構(gòu)簡單、成本低；后者借助油液散熱，散熱佳、能承受大扭矩 。

DSG is based on the development of manual transmissions and has two sets of clutches, which control odd and even gears respectively. When shifting gears, the two sets of clutches quickly switch. DSG is divided into dry and wet types, with the former relying on air cooling, having a simple structure and low cost; The latter utilizes oil to dissipate heat, with excellent heat dissipation and the ability to withstand high torque.

特點與應(yīng)用

characteristics and application

DSG 換擋快、傳動效率高，加速與燃油經(jīng)濟性出色，大眾多款車型廣泛應(yīng)用。不過，干式 DSG 低速易頓挫，離合器片磨損快；濕式 DSG 雖可靠性高，但成本也高。

DSG has fast gear shifting, high transmission efficiency, excellent acceleration and fuel economy, and is widely used in multiple Volkswagen models. However, dry DSG is prone to jerking at low speeds and the clutch plates wear out quickly; Although wet DSG has high reliability, its cost is also high.

無級變速箱（CVT）

Continuously Variable Transmission (CVT)

工作原理與結(jié)構(gòu)

Working principle and structure

CVT 用鋼帶或鏈條連接可變直徑滑輪，通過改變滑輪直徑實現(xiàn)傳動比連續(xù)變化，讓換擋過程無頓挫，加速線性。

CVT uses steel belts or chains to connect variable diameter pulleys, and by changing the diameter of the pulleys, the transmission ratio can be continuously changed, allowing for seamless shifting and linear acceleration.

特點與應(yīng)用

characteristics and application

CVT 換擋平順，駕駛舒適性好，能提升燃油經(jīng)濟性，日產(chǎn)、本田許多車型都有搭載。但高負荷時鋼帶或鏈條易打滑，限制其在高性能車型上的應(yīng)用，維修成本也較高。

CVT has smooth gear shifting, good driving comfort, and can improve fuel economy. It is equipped in many models of Nissan and Honda. However, steel belts or chains are prone to slipping under high loads, limiting their application in high-performance vehicle models and resulting in higher maintenance costs.

電控機械自動變速箱（AMT）

Electronic Mechanical Automatic Transmission (AMT)

工作原理與結(jié)構(gòu)

Working principle and structure

AMT 由手動變速箱改造而來，保留齒輪傳動機構(gòu)，通過電子系統(tǒng)控制換擋與離合器操作，取消了離合器踏板。

AMT is modified from a manual gearbox, retaining the gear transmission mechanism and controlling gear shifting and clutch operation through an electronic system, eliminating the clutch pedal.

特點：AMT 結(jié)構(gòu)簡單、成本低、傳動效率高，在商用車和經(jīng)濟型轎車中應(yīng)用廣泛。但換擋時動力中斷明顯，駕駛舒適性差，在乘用車市場應(yīng)用受限。

Features: AMT has a simple structure, low cost, and high transmission efficiency, and is widely used in commercial vehicles and economy sedans. However, the power interruption during gear shifting is significant and the driving comfort is poor, which limits its application in the passenger car market.

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