常見故障及原因

Common faults and causes

換擋頓挫：可能是變速箱油液位過低或變質(zhì)、電磁閥故障、離合器片或制動器片磨損嚴重、油壓不穩(wěn)等原因引起。

Shift jerking: It may be caused by low or deteriorated transmission oil level, solenoid valve failure, severe wear of clutch or brake discs, unstable oil pressure, and other reasons.

變速箱漏油：通常是油封老化或損壞、變速箱殼體破裂、密封件老化等導致。

Transmission oil leakage: usually caused by aging or damage of oil seals, rupture of transmission housing, aging of seals, etc.

自動變速器打滑：原因包括自動變速器油位異常、離合器和制動摩擦片等磨損、油泵磨損或主油路泄漏、單向離合器打滑、離合器或制動活塞密封圈損壞等。

Automatic transmission slip: Causes include abnormal oil level in the automatic transmission, wear of clutch and brake friction plates, oil pump wear or main oil circuit leakage, slip of one-way clutch, damage to clutch or brake piston sealing rings, etc.

換擋沖擊過大：可能是發(fā)動機怠速過高、油門拉線或傳感器調(diào)整不當、主油路壓力過高、變速器和發(fā)動機連接部件問題、蓄能器失效、換擋執(zhí)行機構(gòu)摩擦元件間隙異常等。

Excessive gear shift impact: It may be due to high engine idle, improper adjustment of throttle cables or sensors, high main oil pressure, problems with transmission and engine connection components, failure of accumulator, abnormal clearance of friction elements in the gear shift actuator, etc.

自動變速器異響：比如油泵過度磨損、液力變矩器鎖止離合器等損壞、行星齒輪機構(gòu)故障、換擋執(zhí)行器異常等都會引發(fā)。

Automatic transmission abnormal noise: such as excessive wear of the oil pump, damage to the hydraulic torque converter lock up clutch, planetary gear mechanism failure, abnormal shift actuator, etc. can all cause it.

無法換擋：可能是電子控制系統(tǒng)故障、換擋機構(gòu)損壞、液壓操縱系統(tǒng)失效等。

Unable to shift gears: It may be due to electronic control system malfunction, damaged shifting mechanism, hydraulic control system failure, etc.

維修步驟

Repair steps

故障診斷：檢查變速箱油液位和質(zhì)量，查看是否有漏油，用專業(yè)診斷儀讀取故障碼，還可通過路試，聽異響、感受換擋情況等，初步判斷故障類型和原因。

Fault diagnosis: Check the transmission oil level and quality to see if there is any oil leakage. Use a professional diagnostic tool to read the fault code. You can also conduct a road test, listen for abnormal noises, and feel the shifting situation to preliminarily determine the type and cause of the fault.

拆卸變速箱：先卸下相關(guān)部件使變速器與其他部件分離，再將變速器從車上拆卸下來，注意保護好變速器及周圍部件，記錄好零件原始位置和方向。

Dismantling the gearbox: First, remove the relevant components to separate the gearbox from other parts, and then remove the gearbox from the vehicle. Pay attention to protecting the gearbox and surrounding components, and record the original position and direction of the parts.

清洗與檢查：用專用清洗劑清洗拆解下來的零件，仔細檢查齒輪是否有斷齒、軸承是否轉(zhuǎn)動靈活、各部件是否有磨損變形等問題。

Cleaning and Inspection: Use specialized cleaning agents to clean the disassembled parts, carefully inspect whether the gears have broken teeth, whether the bearings rotate flexibly, and whether each component has wear and deformation.

更換損壞部件：根據(jù)檢查結(jié)果，更換損壞的油封、密封墊、傳感器、離合器片、齒輪等部件，要選擇質(zhì)量可靠的配件。

Replace damaged parts: Based on the inspection results, replace damaged components such as oil seals, gaskets, sensors, clutch plates, gears, etc., and choose reliable quality accessories.

組裝與調(diào)試：按照相反順序組裝變速箱，注意零件安裝位置和方向，加入適量變速箱油后進行調(diào)試，檢查換擋是否平順、有無異常響聲或抖動等，必要時進行路試。

Assembly and debugging: Assemble the gearbox in reverse order, pay attention to the installation position and direction of the parts, add an appropriate amount of gearbox oil for debugging, check whether the shifting is smooth, whether there are any abnormal noises or vibrations, and conduct a road test if necessary.

維修注意事項

Maintenance precautions

選擇專業(yè)機構(gòu)：維修時應(yīng)選擇正規(guī)的汽車維修店或 4S 店，確保維修人員有專業(yè)技術(shù)，能使用原廠或質(zhì)量可靠的配件。

Choose a professional organization: When repairing, you should choose a regular car repair shop or 4S shop to ensure that the repair personnel have professional skills and can use original or reliable quality parts.

做好記錄與保護：拆卸時要看好零件原始方向和位置，必要時做好記錄，拆下的零件按順序擺放。保護好變速器外部的軸頭以及周圍部件，避免在拆卸過程中造成損壞。

Keep good records and protection: When disassembling, pay attention to the original direction and position of the parts, and make records if necessary. The disassembled parts should be placed in order. Protect the external shaft head and surrounding components of the transmission to avoid damage during disassembly.

保持清潔：維修過程中要保持工作場地和零件的清潔，避免雜質(zhì)進入變速箱內(nèi)部，以免造成新的故障。

Maintain cleanliness: During the maintenance process, the work area and parts should be kept clean to prevent impurities from entering the interior of the gearbox and causing new malfunctions.

規(guī)范操作：嚴格按照維修手冊的規(guī)范和要求進行操作，比如螺絲的扭矩要符合規(guī)定數(shù)值。

Standardized operation: Strictly follow the specifications and requirements in the maintenance manual, such as ensuring that the torque of screws meets the specified values.

充分測試：維修完成后，要進行充分的測試和試車，包括檢查換擋是否正常、有無異響、滲漏等情況，確保變速箱性能穩(wěn)定可靠。

Adequate testing: After the repair is completed, sufficient testing and testing should be carried out, including checking whether the shifting is normal, whether there is no abnormal noise, leakage, etc., to ensure the stable and reliable performance of the gearbox.

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